Everything about Incandescence totally explained
Incandescence is the emission of
light (visible
electromagnetic radiation) from a hot body due to its temperature. The term derives from the verb
incandesce, to grow white.
The incandescence of a theoretically perfectly black object is known as
black body radiation, which is described by relatively simple mathematical equations. For a black body, the distribution of energy emissions across the
electromagnetic spectrum is described by
Planck's law. The total power emitted by radiation from a black body is given by the
Stefan–Boltzmann law.
Wien's displacement law predicts the wavelength of peak emission.
Incandescence occurs in
light bulbs, because the filament
resists the
flow of electrons. This resistance heats the filament to a temperature where part of the radiation falls in the visible spectrum. The majority of radiation, however, is emitted in the invisible infrared part of the spectrum, which is why incandescent light bulbs are inefficient.
Fluorescent lamps don't function by means of incandescence, rather by a combination of
thermionic emission and
atomic excitation due to collision with high energy electrons. In an incandescent lamp, only the electrons at the top of the band can participate. Higher temperature can increase efficiency but we don't have materials that can withstand much higher temperature.
Further Information
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